Synthesis and performance characterization of PS-PPEES nanoporous membranes with nonwoven porous support

The present work describes about the synthesis and characterization of Polysulfone blend nanoporous membrane with nonwoven support. This Nonwoven support provides mechanical strength to membrane while filtration process and minimizes membrane fouling. Hence it helps in better membrane performance in terms of salt rejection, improved flux, thermal stability and fairly increases in proton conductivity. In this work we have used K.C.270 nonwoven material consisting of fine polyester fibers and has a thickness of below 110 μm.     

Solvent flux behavior and rejection characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic mesoporous and microporous TiO2 and ZrO2 membranes

This paper describes solvent flux and rejection behavior of different hydrophilic TiO₂ membranes and a hydrophobic ZrO₂ membrane. Solvents and solutes used range from polar to non-polar. Additionally, the temperature effect on permeability and rejection of solutes through these membranes was examined.     

Phase calculation with a swept source in optical coherence tomography: Jitter influence

An analysis of phase modifications introduced by laser jitter in frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is described. It is shown that a 1D spurious phase function is introduced as a consequence of this phenomenon. This phase function is added to any other introduced by the object under analysis causing a superposition of both. The result may impose some limitations for unambiguous determination of phase changes of objects. Experimental and theoretical results are presented.     

Finite-time consensus for switching network topologies with disturbances

In this paper we investigate the properties of a decentralized consensus algorithm for a network of continuous-time integrators subject to unknown-but-bounded time-varying disturbances. The proposed consensus algorithm is based on a discontinuous local interaction rule. Under certain restrictions on the switching topology, it is proven that after a finite transient time the agents achieve an approximated consensus condition by attenuating the destabilizing effect of the disturbances. This main result is complemented by an additional result establishing the achievement of consensus under different requirements on the switching communication topology. In particular, we provide a convergence result that encompasses situations in which the time varying graph is always disconnected. Lyapunov analyses are carried out to support the suggested algorithms and results. Simulative tests considering, as case study, the synchronization problem for a network of clocks are illustrated and commented on to validate the developed analysis.     

假设检验中p值的灵活运用

给出假设检验中p值的定义以及双边检验p值与单边检验p值的关系,介绍了利用p值将三种检验同时进行的方法及意义,最后给出应用实例.     

Cluster speckle structures through multiple apertures forming a closed curve

In this work, cluster-like speckle patterns are analyzed. These patterns are generated when a diffuser illuminated by coherent light is imaged by a lens having a pupil mask with multiple apertures forming a closed curve. We show that the cluster structure results from the complex modulation produced inside each speckle which is generated by multiple interferences of light through the apertures. In particular, when the apertures are uniformly distributed along a closed curve, the resulting image speckle cluster replicates the pupil aperture distribution. Experimental results and theoretical simulations show that cluster features depend on the apertures distribution and the size of the closed curves.     

使用背照减薄型CCD的色散型超光谱成像光谱仪中近红外波段干涉条纹现象的研究与校正

使用背照减薄型CCD器件的色散型超光谱成像光谱仪在近红外波段会出现条带状干涉条纹,严重影响其在近红外波段附近的光谱分辨率。为解决该现象,建立了类似于法布里-珀罗干涉仪的多光束干涉模型,估算出700~900 nm范围内干涉条纹的强度分布并以实测数据对该模型进行了验证,分析了CCD光敏区厚度和干涉现象之间的关系。在此基础上,采用包括频域滤波在内的改进的平场校正算法,对干涉条纹的图像进行了校正,在751.83～1 010.04 nm的范围内,校正效率达到96.6%,试验结果表明,该算法可有效的消除超光谱成像光谱仪近红外波段上的干涉条纹现象,提高光谱分辨率。     

养殖水体中孔雀石绿的SERS光谱识别

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是一种重要的高灵敏度分析技术。 基于SERS的技术特点,建立了真实体系下孔雀石绿定性检测方法。 提出了一种光谱自动识别算法,有机整合了稳健的傅里叶变换基线校正,基于主成分分析的特征提取与人工神经网络分类器。 该方法结合基线的低频特征,通过迭代傅里叶变换实现基线校正;通过样本空间中类间与类内的欧氏距离判别自动获取拉曼光谱信号主成分的最优组合,实现光谱数据的降维与特征提取;最后构建三层反向传播神经网络分类器进行样本分类。 实验结果表明,基线去除可排除基线变化对检测结果的影响;光谱主成分的优化组合可减小基线校正残余及复杂体系中被测物以外的物质拉曼峰对检测结果的干扰,同时实现了分类器最小化。 该方法用于养殖用海水中孔雀石绿的现场检测,最低检出浓度0.1 μg·L-1。 该方法具有可拓展性,可以直接应用于其他溶胶/凝胶体系中SERS光谱的定性分析。     

基于多级微镜的傅里叶变换成像光谱仪干涉成像系统分析与设计

为了实现傅里叶变换成像光谱仪的静态化与高通量,提出一种基于多级微镜的时空混合调制成像光谱仪,其干涉系统是利用一个多级微镜代替迈克尔逊干涉仪中的平面镜,其显著特点是无运动部件和限制系统光通量的狭缝,可同时获得目标的干涉图与二维空间图像。该成像光谱仪利用前置成像系统将目标成像到干涉系统的平面镜与多级微镜上,利用多级微镜的结构特点对两成像光束的光程差进行调制,然后通过后置成像系统获得不同干涉级次的目标图像。首先通过对该成像光谱仪干涉系统光谱信噪比的分析,明确了光谱信噪比与图像信噪比之间的关系,确定了多级微镜的特征参数。为了确保每个阶梯面所对应光程差的恒定性,通过对前置成像系统成像过程的分析,确定了前置成像系统像方远心的光路结构;通过对系统视场角与光程差之间关系的分析和计算,确定了前置成像系统的设计指标并完成了光学设计。为了保证后置成像系统不引入额外的光程差,通过对后置成像系统成像特点的分析,确定了后置成像系统双远心的光路结构;通过对系统入射孔径角与阶梯级数之间关系的分析和计算,最终设计出满足系统性能需求的后置成像系统。通过对各单元系统的理论分析与光学设计,为静态化与高通量成像光谱仪的发展提供了一种新的思路。     

激光主动干涉条纹间距识别光学目标口径

利用物理光学相关知识及Collins衍射积分公式和硬边光阑的复高斯函数分解法,推导得到目标处干涉图样条纹间距与光学目标反射光时间分布关系的解析表达式.从原理分析、仿真计算和实验研究等方面研究了干涉场的条纹间距、光学目标口径参数和反射光时间分布包络的峰峰数、峰峰间距和峰峰比之间定量关系.结果表明,当条纹间距的大小约为目标的口径尺寸时,反射光时间分布包络的峰峰数由单峰向多峰过渡,峰峰间距和峰峰比曲线会出现极大值,根据这一变化规律可以估测出光学目标的口径参数,其估测精度受条纹间距可调节范围的影响.